HP IA-64 User Manual

Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference ManualRev. 1.0L (26 Apr 00)Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.

x List of Figures Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LFigure 8-1. The Original Program Loaded inski . . .

B-6 Register Names Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Internal Variable Names C-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LC Internal Variable NamesSki has one combined

C-2 Internal Variable Names Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Simulator Status and Error Messages D-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LD Simulator Status and Error Mess

D-2 Simulator Status and Error Messages Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LBreakpoint #%d wasn’t setYou used

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Simulator Status and Error Messages D-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lmissions are wrong or a remote fil

D-4 Simulator Status and Error Messages Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lhelp: Unknown command: %sYou aske

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Simulator Status and Error Messages D-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LMissing ELF headerSee “File size

D-6 Simulator Status and Error Messages Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LNot an IA-64 fileSee “File size &g

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Simulator Status and Error Messages D-7Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LReserved register/field faultYour

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. List of Tables xiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LList of TablesTable 4-1. Ski Simulator Arithmetic and L

D-8 Simulator Status and Error Messages Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LUnable to open console windowYour

xii List of Tables Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1 Getting Started: A Ski TutorialIn t

1-2 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LFigure 1-1. Startingxski From the Com

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.2 Exiting SkiYou can quitxskiand

1-4 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LFigure 1-3. Loading the “hello” Progr

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.4 Inspecting DataTo look at the a

1-6 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Ltype “dj r12”or“dj 9ffffffffff780”, a

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-7Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lcharacter strings of argv and envp. (

ii Notice Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LNoticeThe information in this document is subject to change wit

1-8 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LAnother shortcut is the * pointer-der

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-9Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.7 Viewing Source Code Mixed In wi

1-10 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Ldisplay off or on using the pa (“pro

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-11Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.9 Running a ProgramTo run your p

1-12 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.10 Single-stepping a ProgramTo t

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-13Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lthe Main Window. Ski tells you why i

1-14 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LBy changing the value of the ip regi

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-15Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LChanging registers isn’t enough to d

1-16 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LNext, issue the command “=s _IO_stdi

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial 1-17Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L1.2.12 Getting HelpTo see what comma

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Preface iiiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LPrefaceThis document is the Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Man

1-18 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Overview 2-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L2 Overview2.1 IntroductionThe Ski simulator is a software pa

2-2 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L2.4 Ski VariationsThe simulator is available in three variet

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Overview 2-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LFigure 2-2. The X Window System, Motif-basedxski Interface

2-4 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L2.5 Starting SkiTo start the Ski simulator, type its name (s

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Overview 2-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lstandard Linux fashion. The Ski command line syntax is shown

2-6 Overview Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L2.6 Quitting SkiThe quit command causes the simulator to exi

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3 Screen Presentation3.1 Ski’s Use of Windowsxski

3-2 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lskishows only a portion of a register set at a ti

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.2.2 The General Registers PaneThe general regis

iv Syntax Conventions Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Litalic+A plus sign applied to an argument indicates

3-4 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.2.4 The System Registers PaneThe system registe

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.3 Resizing Register Window Panes withxskiAs men

3-6 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.5 The Program WindowThe Program Window provides

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-7Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Linstruction in the bundle. The end of each instru

3-8 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.5.2 IA-32 Instruction DisplayIA-32 instructions

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-9Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.5.3 Changing the Range of Locations Shown in th

3-10 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.6 The Data WindowIn the Data Window,xskiandski

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-11Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lwhich may change by the time the simulated IA-64

3-12 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.6.2 Invalid Code and the Data WindowIf you tel

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-13Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.7.2 Theski Command Windowski’s Command Window

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Table of Contents vSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Table of Contents1 Getting Started: A Ski Tutorial .

3-14 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L3.8 Other WindowsSome commands, such as help, is

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Presentation 3-15Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LFigure 3-18.xski’s Symbol List Window

3-16 Screen Presentation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Language 4-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L4 Command LanguageThe Ski command language is simple

4-2 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lthe commands “step 100” and “eval my_buffer”. This p

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Language 4-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LAs an example, inxski,eval 64 0d64 0o64 0b100000 *ma

4-4 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L4.4.1.3 AddressesAn address is specified by a 64 bit

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Language 4-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lassigns the value contained in the ip register to ge

4-6 Command Language Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lfirst in its symbol tables for program-defined symbols

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L5 Screen Manipulation CommandsSki provid

vi Table of Contents Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.04.1 Command Entry. . . . . . . . . . . .

5-2 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LDisplays the IA-32 (eax, ebx, esp, etc.)

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LpmDisplay the program being simulated in

5-4 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lpd starting_address ending_address [filen

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Screen Manipulation Commands 5-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L5.3 Data Window CommandsThe Data Window

5-6 Screen Manipulation Commands Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Ldd starting_address ending_address [filen

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Program Simulation 6-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L6 Program SimulationSki’s main responsibility is t

6-2 Program Simulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L6.3.1 System-Mode IA-64 ProgramsA system-mode IA-6

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Program Simulation 6-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L6.4 Misaligned Data Access TrapIf the psr.ac bit i

6-4 Program Simulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lexample is “xski my_program”. The second way is to

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Program Simulation 6-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L6.6 Program ExecutionPrograms may be run in their

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Table of Contents viiSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.08.7.1 Summary of Symbol Commands . . . . . .

6-6 Program Simulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation 7-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L7 Linux and MS-DOS ABI EmulationAs dis

7-2 Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LSki accepts but ignores the system cal

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation 7-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L7.3 MS-DOS Application EnvironmentIA-3

7-4 Linux and MS-DOS ABI Emulation Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Debugging 8-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8 DebuggingThe simulator provides many facilities to help y

8-2 Debugging Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LThe hexadecimal value 0x1234 is assigned to general registe

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Debugging 8-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8.1.3 Notes on Assignment8.1.3.1 Address AlignmentSki align

8-4 Debugging Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8.2 Evaluating Formulas and Formatting DataThe eval command

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Debugging 8-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8.3.2 Deleting Program BreakpointsTwo commands delete progr

viii Table of Contents Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0

8-6 Debugging Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8.3.4 Notes on Program Breakpoints8.3.4.1 How Ski Implement

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Debugging 8-7Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Liabs [address]Sets an IA-32 breakpoint at the specified addr

8-8 Debugging Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L8.5 Dumping Registers and Memory to a FileYou can dump the

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Debugging 8-9Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lisyms [filename]Writes the list of internal variables to file

8-10 Debugging Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Files 9-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L9 Command FilesThe dot (“.”) command temporarily redire

9-2 Command Files Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lexample of using goto and a label is:loop:... other com

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Files 9-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L9.5 Summary of Command File Commands. filenameExecutes c

9-4 Command Files Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0L

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Reference A-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LA Command ReferenceIn the command descriptions that

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. List of Figures ixSki IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LList of FiguresFigure 1-1. Startingxski From the Comma

A-2 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lcated page, including instruction pages. Multiple v

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Reference A-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Ldf [count]Move the Data Window forward count lines

A-4 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lisyms [filename]Write internal symbols to the screen

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Command Reference A-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lthe last line of the old window is displayed as the

A-6 Command Reference Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lurski: Show the user registers (Predicate Registers

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Register Names B-1Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0LB Register NamesIA-64 registers are fully described in

B-2 Register Names Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Leflags.df IA-32 Direction Flag biteflags.id IA-32 ID Fla

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Register Names B-3Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lfpsr.sf2.pc IA-64 FPSR Status Field 2, Precision contr

B-4 Register Names Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co.Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lldtd IA-32 Local Descriptor Table Descriptorlid IA-64

Copyright © 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co. Register Names B-5Ski IA-64 Simulator Reference Manual 1.0Lpsr.tb IA-64 PSR Taken Branch trap bitpsr.um IA-64 PSR