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B-6 Compaq Integrated Smart Array Controller User Guide
Compaq Confidential – Need to Know Required
Writer: CDresden Project: Compaq Integrated Smart Array Controller User Guide Comments:
Part Number: 153236-001 File Name: i-appb Understanding Drive Arrays.doc Last Saved On: 8/27/99 11:35 AM
The fault-tolerance method you choose affects the amount of available disk
storage capacity and the performance of your drive array. The following table
lists all supported RAID levels for Integrated Smart Array Controller, and it
illustrates how the fault-tolerance method you select affects performance and
capacity.
Table B-1
RAID Level Characteristics
Distributed Data
Guarding (RAID 5)
Mirroring
(RAID 1)
No Fault Tolerance
(RAID 0)
Striping and Mirroring
(RAID 0+1)
Usable Disk Space*
67% to 93 % 50% 100% 50%
Disk Space Formula
(n = no. of drives)
where: n is the
number of drives in
the array (up to 15)
(n-1)/n n/2 n n/2
Parity and
Data Redundancy
Parity distributed
over each drive
Duplicate data None Duplicate data
Minimum Number
of Drives
3214
Comments
Tolerant of single
drive failures. Uses
the least amount of
storage capacity for
fault tolerance.
Tolerant of multiple,
simultaneous drive
failures.** Higher
performance than
RAID 5. Uses the
most storage
capacity for fault
tolerance. Requires
an even number of
drives.
Best performance,
but data is lost if any
drive in the logical
drive fails. Uses no
storage space for
fault tolerance.
Tolerant of multiple,
simultaneous drive
failures.** Higher
performance than
RAID 5. Uses the most
storage capacity for
fault tolerance.
Requires an even
number of drives
* All drives have the same capacity ** As long as failed drives are not mirrored to each other.
If you require a fault-tolerant system for critical data, use RAID 5 for
maximum storage space efficiency or RAID 1 if maximum performance and
redundancy are critical.
If you are storing noncritical data, and both space and performance are both
important, RAID 0 provides the best option.
- User Guide 1
- Part Number 153236-001 1
- Compaq Computer Corporation 1
- Contents 3
- Chapter 2 4
- Chapter 3 4
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 4
- Chapter 6 5
- Appendix A 6
- Appendix B 6
- Appendix C 7
- About This Guide 9
- Symbols in Text 10
- Symbols on Equipment 10
- Rack Stability 11
- Getting Help 12
- Compaq Website 13
- Compaq Authorized Reseller 13
- Controller Features 15
- Controller Interface 16
- Drive Array Technology 17
- Fault Tolerance 18
- Drive Movement 18
- Read-Cache Memory 18
- Wide Ultra2 SCSI Technology 19
- Configuration Utilities 20
- Controller 23
- External Cabling 25
- External Cables 26
- Configuring the Controller 28
- Updating Firmware 29
- ROMPaq Diskettes 30
- Running System ROMPaq 31
- Running Options ROMPaq 33
- Option ROM Configuration 35
- Initial Start Screen 36
- Create Logical Drive Screen 37
- Confirmation Screen 38
- Before Installing Drivers 42
- Materials Needed 42
- Operating Systems 43
- (PAS) Diskettes 44
- C:\DIR\SPXXXX.exe 45
- A:\README 45
- Novell NetWare 46
- Installation Procedure 47
- Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 49
- README.BAT 50
- A:\README.BAT 50
- A:\SETUP 51
- Microsoft Windows 2000 54
- SmartStart 55
- The Internet 55
- Installing the Driver 56
- SCO OpenServer 5 57
- Compaq SCO OpenServer 5 58
- SCO OpenServer 5 (Non-Compaq) 58
- SCO UnixWare 2.1 or Later 59
- IBM OS/2 60
- Controller Ordering 62
- Partitioning 63
- Controller Drive 63
- Command Line Switches 64
- BASEDEV=CPQARRAY.ADD /A:2 /I 65
- Banyan VINES 7.0 or Later 66
- Before You Begin 70
- Running the Compaq 70
- Array Configuration Utility 70
- ACU Online 71
- Microsoft Windows NT 71
- Configuration Wizards 72
- Online Help 72
- Main Configuration Screen 73
- Menu Bar 74
- Controller Selection Frame 75
- More Information Bar 76
- Drive View Buttons 76
- Controller Buttons 76
- Array Buttons 77
- Logical Drive Button 77
- Controller Settings Screen 78
- Create Drive Array Screen 79
- Array Accelerator Frame 81
- Stripe Size 81
- Table 6-1 82
- Stripe Size Fault Tolerance 82
- Autoconfiguration 82
- Custom Configuration 83
- Drive Rebuild 85
- Priority Settings 86
- Accelerator Ratio 86
- Expand an Array 86
- Add or Configure Spare Drives 86
- ■ Interim Recovery 87
- ■ Ready for Recovery 87
- Handling Disk Drive Failures 88
- Configuration Procedures 90
- Grouping Physical Drives 92
- Figure 6-20. Example Array B 93
- Expanding Capacity 97
- Capacity Extension 100
- Extending Logical Drives 101
- Online Migration 102
- Online Stripe Size Migration 103
- Errors and Warnings 104
- Electrostatic Discharge 105
- Grounding Methods 106
- Understanding Drive Arrays 107
- Drive Arrays 110
- Logical Drives 110
- Drive Array Benefits 111
- Table B-1 112
- RAID Level Characteristics 112
- P = Parity 113
- Drive Mirroring and Striping 114
- (RAID 1 and RAID 0+1) 114
- No Fault Tolerance (RAID 0) 115
- Online Spares 115
- Performance Enhancement 116
- Optimized Request Management 117
- Bus Master Data Transfers 118
- Adding Storage Capacity 119
- ■ Hot-plug hard drives 121
- Data Reliability 122
- Dynamic Sector Repairing 123
- Drive Parameter Tracking 123
- Drive Failure Alert Features 123
- Interim Data Recovery 123
- Automatic Data Recovery 124
- Hot-Plug Drives 124
- Recovering from Drive Failure 126
- Recognizing a Drive Failure 127
- Replacing a Failed Drive 129
- Compromised Fault Tolerance 131
- Questions and Answers 133
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