Hp 39gs User Manual

HP 39gs graphing calculatoruser's guideEdition3Part Number F2223AA-90001HP 39gs English.book Page i Wednesday, December 7, 2005 11:24 PM

P-2NoticeThis manual and any examples contained herein are provided as-is and are subject to change without notice. Except to the extent prohibited by

9-2 Triangle Solve apletOpen the Triangle Solver aplet1. Open the Triangle Solver aplet. Select Triangle SolverThe Triangle Solver aplet opens.Note: i

Triangle Solve aplet 9-3lengths as B and C, we would need to specify the angle as α. The illustration on the display will help you determine where to

9-4 Triangle Solve apletNot enough dataIf you are using the general input form, you need to specify at least three values for the Triangle Solver to b

Statistics aplet 10-110Statistics apletAbout the Statistics apletThe Statistics aplet can store up to ten data sets at one time. It can perform one-va

10-2 Statistics apletOpen the Statistics aplet1. Open the Statistics aplet and clear existing data by pressing . Select Statistics The Statistics apl

Statistics aplet 10-3Choose fit and data columns4. Select a fit in the Symbolic setup view. SETUP-SYMB Select LinearYou can create up to five explorat

10-4 Statistics apletSetup plot 8. Change the plotting range to ensure all the data points are plotted (and select a different point mark, if you wish

Statistics aplet 10-5Predict values 13.To find the predicted sales figure if advertising were to go up to 6 minutes: S (to highlight Stat-Two) (to

10-6 Statistics apletEntering and editing statistical dataThe Numeric view ( ) is used to enter data into the Statistics aplet. Each column represents

Statistics aplet 10-7Example You are measuring the height of students in a classroom to find the mean height. The first five students have the followi

Getting started 1-11Getting startedOn/off, cancel operationsTo turn on Press to turn on the calculator.To cancel When the calculator is on, the ke

10-8 Statistics apletNote that the title of the column of statistics is H1. There are 5 data set definitions available for one-variable statistics: H1

Statistics aplet 10-9To continue our example, suppose that the heights of the rest of the students in the class are measured, but each one is rounded

10-10 Statistics aplet6. Return to the numeric view.7. Enter the frequency data shown in the above table. 53 8 218. Display the computed statistics. T

Statistics aplet 10-11Delete data • To delete a single data item, highlight it and press . The values below the deleted cell will scroll up one row.•

10-12 Statistics apletDefining a regression model The Symbolic view includes an expression (Fit1 through Fit5) that defines the regression model, or “

Statistics aplet 10-13To define your own fit1. In Numeric view, make sure is set.2. Display the Symbolic view. 3. Highlight the Fit expression (Fit1

10-14 Statistics apletComputed statisticsOne-variableWhen the data set contains an odd number of values, the data set’s median value is not used when

Statistics aplet 10-15Two-variablePlotting You can plot:• histograms ( )• box-and-whisker plots ( )• scatter plots ( ).Once you have entered your data

10-16 Statistics apletTo plot statistical data1. In Symbolic view ( ), select ( ) the data sets you want to plot. 2. For one-variable data ( ), select

Statistics aplet 10-17Scatter Plot Two-variable statistics. The numbers below the plot indicate that the cursor is at the first data point for S2, at

1-2 Getting startedThe displayTo adjust the contrastSimultaneously press and (or ) to increase (or decrease) the contrast.To clear the display •

10-18 Statistics apletRelative Error The relative error is a measure of the error between predicted values and actual values based on the specified Fi

Statistics aplet 10-19For instance, the data set (1,1), (3,9), (4,16), (2,4) would be plotted and traced in the order (1,1), (2,4), (3,9), (4,16).Trou

10-20 Statistics apletCalculating predicted valuesThe functions PREDX and PREDY estimate (predict) values for X or Y given a hypothetical value for th

Statistics aplet 10-21• Enter PREDY(x-value) to find the predicted value of the dependent variable given a hypothetical independent variable.You can t

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Inference aplet 11-111Inference apletAbout the Inference apletThe Inference capabilities include calculation of confidence intervals and hypothesis te

11-2 Inference apletInference aplet’s SYMB view keysThe table below summarizes the options available in Symbolic view.If you choose one of the hypothe

Inference aplet 11-3Select the inferential method2. Select the Hypothesis Test inferential method.Select HYPOTH TEST3. Define the type of test. Z–Tes

11-4 Inference apletBy default, each field already contains a value. These values constitute the example database and are explained in the feature o

Inference aplet 11-5A calculator produces the following 6 random numbers:0.529, 0.295, 0.952, 0.259, 0.925, and 0.592Open the Statistics aplet1. Open

Getting started 1-3Annunciators. Annunciators are symbols that appear above the title bar and give you important status information.The keyboardMenu k

11-6 Inference apletOpen Inference aplet6. Open the Inference aplet and clear current settings. Select Inference Select inference method and type7. Se

Inference aplet 11-7Import the data 10.Import the data from the Statistics aplet. Note: The data from C1 is displayed by default.Note: Press to see

11-8 Inference apletHypothesis testsYou use hypothesis tests to test the validity of hypotheses that relate to the statistical parameters of one or tw

Inference aplet 11-9Results The results are:Two-Sample Z-TestMenu name Z-Test: μ1–μ2On the basis of two samples, each from a separate population, this

11-10 Inference apletResults The results are:One-Proportion Z-TestMenu name Z-Test: 1πOn the basis of statistics from a single sample, this test measu

Inference aplet 11-11Inputs The inputs are:Results The results are:Two-Proportion Z-TestMenu name Z-Test: π1 – π2On the basis of statistics from two s

11-12 Inference apletInputs The inputs are:Results The results are:One-Sample T-TestMenu name T-Test: 1 μThe One-sample T-Test is used when the popula

Inference aplet 11-13Inputs The inputs are:Results The results are:Field name DefinitionSample mean.Sx Sample standard deviation.n Sample size.μ0 Hypo

11-14 Inference apletTwo-Sample T-TestMenu name T-Test: μ1 – μ2The Two-sample T-Test is used when the population standard deviation is not known. On t

Inference aplet 11-15Results The results are:Confidence intervalsThe confidence interval calculations that the HP 39gs can perform are based on the No

1-4 Getting started• On the calculator keyboard, the top row of keys are called menu keys. Their meanings depend on the context—that’s why their tops

11-16 Inference apletResults The results are:Two-Sample Z-IntervalMenu name Z-INT: μ1– μ2This option uses the Normal Z-distribution to calculate a con

Inference aplet 11-17One-Proportion Z-IntervalMenu name Z-INT: 1 πThis option uses the Normal Z-distribution to calculate a confidence interval for th

11-18 Inference apletResults The results are:One-Sample T-IntervalMenu name T-INT: 1 μThis option uses the Student’s t-distribution to calculate a con

Inference aplet 11-19Results The results are:Two-Sample T-IntervalMenu name T-INT: μ1 – μ2This option uses the Student’s t-distribution to calculate a

11-20 Inference apletResults The results are:Result Description Critical T Critical value for T. μ MinLower bound for μ1 – μ2. μ MaxUpper bound for μ1

Using the Finance Solver 12-112Using the Finance SolverThe Finance Solver, or Finance aplet, is available by using the APLET key in your calculator.

12-2 Using the Finance Solvercombined amount earns interest at a certain rate. Financial calculations involving compound interest include savings acco

Using the Finance Solver 12-3flow diagram shows lease payments at the beginning of each period.The following cash flow diagram shows deposits into an

12-4 Using the Finance SolverPerforming TVM calculations1. Launch the Financial Solver as indicated at the beginning of this section.2. Use the arrow

Using the Finance Solver 12-5Example 1 - Loan calculationsSuppose you finance the purchase of a car with a 5-year loan at 5.5% annual interest, compou

Getting started 1-5Entry/Edit keysThe entry and edit keys are:Key Meaning (CANCEL)Cancels the current operation if the calculator is on by pressing .

12-6 Using the Finance SolverExample 2 - Mortgage with balloon paymentSuppose you have taken out a 30-year, $150,000 house mortgage at 6.5% annual int

Using the Finance Solver 12-7Calculating AmortizationsAmortization calculations, which also use the TVM variables, determine the amounts applied towar

12-8 Using the Finance Solver3. Press the soft menu key to amortize the new batch of payments. Repeat steps 1 through 3 as often as needed.Example

Using mathematical functions 13-113Using mathematical functionsMath functionsThe HP 39gs contains many math functions. The functions are grouped in ca

13-2 Using mathematical functions2. The list of functions (on the right) applies to the currently highlighted category (on the left). Use and to s

Using mathematical functions 13-3Keyboard functions The most frequently used functions are available directly from the keyboard. Many of the keyboard

13-4 Using mathematical functions10xExponential (antilogarithm). Also accepts complex numbers.10^valueExample10^3 returns 1000Common logarithm. Also a

Using mathematical functions 13-5ATAN Arc tangent: tan–1x. Output range is from –90° to 90°, 2π/2 to π/2, or –100 to 100 grads. Inputs and outputs dep

13-6 Using mathematical functions Takes the nth root of x.root NTHROOT valueExample3 NTHROOT 8 returns 2 Calculus functionsThe symbols for differentia

Using mathematical functions 13-7TAYLOR Calculates the nth order Taylor polynomial of expression at the point where the given variable = 0.TAYLOR (exp

1-6 Getting startedShifted keystrokesThere are two shift keys that you use to access the operations and characters printed above the keys: and . CHAR

13-8 Using mathematical functionsConstantsThe constants available from the MATH FUNCTIONS menu are mathematical constants. These are described in this

Using mathematical functions 13-9→IN Convert from centimeters to inches.→L Convert from US gallons to liters.→LGAL Convert from liters to US gallons.→

13-10 Using mathematical functionsEXP Natural exponential. This is more accurate than due to limitations of the power function.EXP(value)EXPM1 Expon

Using mathematical functions 13-11Σ Summation. Finds the sum of expression with respect to variable from initialvalue to finalvalue.Σ(variable=initial

13-12 Using mathematical functionsPOLYROOT Polynomial roots. Returns the roots for the nth-order polynomial with the specified n+1 coefficients.POLYRO

Using mathematical functions 13-13RANDOM Random number (between zero and 1). Produced by a pseudo-random number sequence. The algorithm used in the RA

13-14 Using mathematical functionsExamplesCEILING(3.2) returns 4CEILING(-3.2) returns -3DEG→RAD Degrees to radians. Converts value from Degrees angle

Using mathematical functions 13-15with a decimal fraction) to H.MMSSs format (time or angle up to fractions of a second).→HMS(x.x)Example→HMS(8.5) ret

13-16 Using mathematical functionsExample%CHANGE(20,50) returns 150%TOTAL Percent total : (100)y/x. What percentage of x, is y.%TOTAL(x, y)Example%TOT

Using mathematical functions 13-17XPON Exponent of value.XPON(value)ExampleXPON(123.4) returns 2Two-variable statisticsThese are functions for use wit

Getting started 1-7HELPWITH The HP 39gs built-in help is available in HOME only. It provides syntax help for built-in math functions. Access the HELPW

13-18 Using mathematical functionsQUAD Solves quadratic expression=0 for variable and returns a new expression, where variable=newexpression. The res

Using mathematical functions 13-19= = Equals (logical test). Returns 1 if true, 0 if false.value1==value2≠ Not equal to. Returns 1 if true, 0 if false

13-20 Using mathematical functionsACSC Arc cosecant.ACSC(value)ASEC Arc secant.ASEC(value)COT Cotangent: cosx/sinx. COT(value)CSC Cosecant: 1/sinxCS

Using mathematical functions 13-21(The | symbol is in the CHARS menu: press CHARS.The = sign is listed in the MATH menu under Symbolic functions.)Sym

13-22 Using mathematical functions S1 2. Evaluate the function.3. Show the result. To find derivatives in the Function aplet’s Symbolic viewTo find

Using mathematical functions 13-234. Press to display the result. Note: Use the arrow keys to view the entire function.|You could also just define .

13-24 Using mathematical functionsThis result is derived from substituting X=S1 and X=0 into the original expression found in step 1. However, substit

Using mathematical functions 13-25To access the menu of program constants:1. Press .2. Press .3. Use the arrow keys to navigate through the options.4.

13-26 Using mathematical functionsExampleSuppose you want to know the potential energy of a mass of 5 units according to the equation . 1. Enter 5 2.

Variables and memory management 14-114Variables and memory managementIntroductionThe HP 39gs has approximately 200K of user memory. The calculator use

1-8 Getting started• Pressing displays a menu of physical constants from the fields of chemistry, physics, and quantum mechanics. You can use these

14-2 Variables and memory managementStoring and recalling variablesYou can store numbers or expressions from a previous input or result into variables

Variables and memory management 14-35. Enter a name for the variable. A6. Press to store the result.The results of a calculation can also be stor

14-4 Variables and memory managementThe VARS menuYou use the VARS menu to access all variables in the calculator. The VARS menu is organised by catego

Variables and memory management 14-55. Choose whether to place the variable name or the variable value on the command line.– Press to indicate that

14-6 Variables and memory management4. Enter data for L2.55 48 86 90 77 5. Press to access HOME.6. Open the variable menu and select L1. 7. Copy

Variables and memory management 14-7Home variables It is not possible to store data of one type in a variable of another type. For example, you use th

14-8 Variables and memory managementAplet variables Most aplet variables store values that are unique to a particular aplet. These include symbolic ex

Variables and memory management 14-96. To copy the value of the variable into the edit line, press and press .Memory Manager You can use the Memory

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Matrices 15-115MatricesIntroductionYou can perform matrix calculations in HOME and in programs. The matrix and each row of a matrix appear in brackets

Getting started 1-9• If there are two columns, the left column shows general categories and the right column shows specific contents within a category

15-2 MatricesCreating and storing matricesYou can create, edit, delete, send, and receive matrices in the Matrix catalog.To open the Matrix catalog, p

Matrices 15-3To create a matrix in the Matrix Catalog1. Press MATRIX to open the Matrix Catalog. The Matrix catalog lists the 10 available matrix var

15-4 MatricesA matrix is listed with two dimensions, even if it is 3×1. A vector is listed with the number of elements, such as 3.To transmit a matrix

Matrices 15-5To display a matrix • In the Matrix catalog ( MATRIX), highlight the matrix name and press .• In HOME, enter the name of the matrix vari

15-6 MatricesTo store one elementIn HOME, enter, value matrixname(row,column).For example, to change the element in the first row and second column o

Matrices 15-73. Add the matrices that you created. M1 M2 To multiply and divide by a scalarFor division by a scalar, enter the matrix first, then t

15-8 MatricesM1 2To divide by a square matrixFor division of a matrix or a vector by a square matrix, the number of rows of the dividend (or the numb

Matrices 15-92. Create the vector of the constants in the linear system.5 7 1 3. Return to the Matrix Catalog. MATRIX In this example, the vector you

15-10 MatricesMatrix functions and commandsAbout functions • Functions can be used in any aplet or in HOME. They are listed in the MATH menu under the

Matrices 15-11COND Condition Number. Finds the 1-norm (column norm) of a square matrix.COND(matrix)CROSS Cross Product of vector1 with vector2.CROSS(v

NoticeREGISTER YOUR PRODUCT AT: www.register.hp.comTHIS MANUAL AND ANY EXAMPLES CONTAINED HEREIN ARE PROVIDED “AS IS” AND ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOU

1-10 Getting startedMode settingsYou use the Modes input form to set the modes for HOME.HINTAlthough the numeric setting in Modes affects only HOME, t

15-12 MatricesLU LU Decomposition. Factors a square matrix into three matrices: {[[lowertriangular]],[[uppertriangular]],[[permutation]]}The uppertri

Matrices 15-13SPECNORM Spectral Norm of matrix.SPECNORM(matrix)SPECRAD Spectral Radius of a square matrix.SPECRAD(matrix)SVD Singular Value Decomposit

15-14 MatricesTransposing a MatrixThe TRN function swaps the row-column and column-row elements of a matrix. For instance, element 1,2 (row 1, column

Matrices 15-15The final row of zeros in the reduced-row echelon form of the augmented matrix indicates an inconsistent system with infinite solutions.

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Lists 16-116ListsYou can do list operations in HOME and in programs. A list consists of comma-separated real or complex numbers, expressions, or matri

16-2 Lists3. Enter the values you want in the list, pressing after each one. Values can be real or complex numbers (or an expression). If you enter

Lists 16-3List edit keys When you press to create or change a list, the following keys are available to you:Create a list in HOME1. Enter the list o

16-4 ListsDisplaying and editing listsTo display a list • In the List catalog, highlight the list name and press .• In HOME, enter the name of the lis

Lists 16-5To insert an element in a list1. Open the List catalog. LIST.2. Press or to highlight the name of the list you want to edit (L1, etc.) a

Getting started 1-11Setting a modeThis example demonstrates how to change the angle measure from the default mode, radians, to degrees for the current

16-6 ListsDeleting listsTo delete a list In the List catalog, highlight the list name and press . You are prompted to confirm that you want to delete

Lists 16-7CONCAT(L1,L2). An argument can be either a list variable name (such as L1) or the actual list. For example, REVERSE({1,2,3}).• If Decimal Ma

16-8 ListsExampleIn HOME, store {3,5,8,12,17,23} in L5 and find the first differences for the list. {3,5,8,12,17,23 } L 5 L Select ΔLIST L5 MAKEL

Lists 16-9position of the first occurrence is returned. A value of 0 is returned if there is no occurrence of the specified element.POS(list, element)

16-10 Lists2. In HOME, store L1 into C1. You will then be able to see the list data in the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet.L1 C13. Start the Sta

Notes and sketches 17-117Notes and sketchesIntroductionThe HP 39gs has text and picture editors for entering notes and sketches.• Each aplet has its o

17-2 Notes and sketchesNote edit keysKey Meaning Space key for text entry.Displays next page of a multi-page note. Alpha-lock for letter entry. Lowe

Notes and sketches 17-3Aplet sketch viewYou can attach pictures to an aplet in its Sketch view ( SKETCH). Your work is automatically saved with the ap

17-4 Notes and sketchesTo draw a box 1. In Sketch view, press and move the cursor to where you want any corner of the box to be.2. Press . 3. Move t

Notes and sketches 17-5To label parts of a sketch1. Press and type the text on the edit line. To lock the Alpha shift on, press (for uppercase) or

1-12 Getting startedThe cursor (highlight) is in the first field, Angle Measure.2. Press to display a list of choices. 3. Press to select Degrees,

17-6 Notes and sketchesTo import a graphics variableYou can copy the contents of a graphics variable into the Sketch view of an aplet.1. Open the Sket

Notes and sketches 17-74. Write your note.See “Note edit keys” on page 17-2 for more information on the entry and editing of notes.5. When you are fin

17-8 Notes and sketchesTo import a note You can import a note from the Notepad into an aplet’s Note view, and vice versa. Suppose you want to copy a n

Programming 18-118Programming IntroductionThis chapter describes how to program using the hp 39gs. In this chapter you’ll learn about:• using the Prog

18-2 ProgrammingExample RUN GETVALUE: RUN CALCULATE: RUN "SHOW ANSWER":This program is separated into three main tasks, each an individual p

Programming 18-3Program catalog keysThe program catalog keys are:Key Meaning Opens the highlighted program for editing.Prompts for a new program name,

18-4 ProgrammingCreating and editing programsCreate a new program1. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog.2. Press .The HP 39gs prompts you for a

Programming 18-52. On the left, use or to highlight a command category, then press to access the commands in the category. Select the command th

18-6 ProgrammingEditing keys The editing keys are:Key Meaning Inserts the character at the editing point.Inserts space into text.Displays previous p

Programming 18-7Using programsRun a program From HOME, type RUN program_name.orFrom the Program catalog, highlight the program you want to run and pre

Getting started 1-13symbolic views of the aplets in the following table. See “Aplet view configuration” on page 1-18 for further information.In additi

18-8 ProgrammingCopy a program You can use the following procedure if you want to make a copy of your work before editing—or if you want to use one pr

Programming 18-9Delete a programTo delete a program:1. Press PROGRM to open the Program catalog.2. Highlight a program to delete, then press .Delete

18-10 Programming4. Develop a program that uses the SETVIEWS command to modify the aplet’s VIEWS menu. The menu options provide links to associated pr

Programming 18-11Save the aplet 1. Open the Function aplet and save it as “EXPERIMENT”. The new aplet appears in the Aplet library.Select Function EX

18-12 Programming6. Open the Program catalog and create a program named “EXP.SV”. Include the following code in the program. Each entry line after the

Programming 18-13’’ ’’;’’ EXP.ANG’’;0;The program EXP.ANG is a small routine that is called by other programs that the aplet uses. This entry specifie

18-14 ProgrammingAplet commandsCHECK Checks (selects) the corresponding function in the current aplet. For example, Check 3 would check F3 if the cur

Programming 18-15options use, or the program that defines the aplet’s VIEWS menu. • You can include a “Start” option in the VIEWS menu to specify a pr

18-16 ProgrammingProgramNameProgramName is the name of the program that runs when the corresponding menu entry is selected. All programs that are iden

Programming 18-17View numbersThe Function aplet views are numbered as follows:View numbers from 15 on will vary according to the parent aplet. The lis

1-14 Getting startedcharge and transferred to the HP 39gs using the provided Connectivity Kit. Quad Explorer apletThe Quad Explorer aplet is used to i

18-18 ProgrammingExample1A :IF A==1 THEN MSGBOX " A EQUALS 1" :END:IF... THEN... ELSE... ENDExecutes the true-clause sequence of commands i

Programming 18-19IFERR...THEN...ELSE…END allows a program to intercept error conditions that otherwise would cause the program to abort. Its syntax is

18-20 ProgrammingExampleARC 0;0;2;0;2π:FREEZE:Draws a circle centered at (0,0) of radius 2. The FREEZE command causes the circle to remain displayed o

Programming 18-21ExampleTLINE 0;0;3;3:Erases previously drawn 45 degree line from (0,0) to (3,3), or draws that line if it doesn’t already exist.Graph

18-22 Programmingwill superimpose G1 onto G0 starting a position (1,1), where the position is given in terms of the current axes settings, not as a pi

Programming 18-23ZEROGROB Creates a blank graphic with given width and height, and stores it in graphicname.ZEROGROB graphicname;width;height:Loop co

18-24 ProgrammingNote that the STEP parameter is optional. If it is omitted, a step value of 1 is assumed.BREAK Terminates loop.BREAK:Matrix commandsT

Programming 18-25RANDMAT Creates random matrix with a specified number of rows and columns and stores the result in name(name must be M0...M9). The en

18-26 ProgrammingPrint commandsThese commands print to an HP infrared printer, for example the HP 82240B printer. PRDISPLAY Prints the contents of the

Programming 18-27Example3  A:CHOOSE A; "COMIC STRIPS";"DILBERT";"CALVIN&HOBBES";"BLONDIE":CLRVAR Clears t

Getting started 1-15Trig Explorer aplet The Trig Explorer aplet is used to investigate the behaviour of the graph of as the values of a, b, c and d

18-28 ProgrammingExampleDISPXY –3.5;1.5;2;"HELLO WORLD":DISPTIME Displays the current date and time.DISPTIMETo set the date and time, simply

Programming 18-29GETKEY Waits for a key, then stores the keycode rc.p in name, where r is row number, c is column number, and p is key-plane number. T

18-30 ProgrammingPROMPT Displays an input box with name as the title, and prompts for a value for name. name can be a variable such as A…Z, θ, L1…l9,

Programming 18-31Datasetname can be SI, S2,..., or S5. Datasetname must include at least two pairs of data points.DO2VSTATS datasetname:SETDEPEND Sets

18-32 ProgrammingPlot-view variablesAreaFunctionContains the last value found by the Area function in Plot-FCN menu.AxesAll ApletsTurns axes on or off

Programming 18-33GridAll ApletsTurns the background grid in Plot view on or off. From Plot setup, check (or uncheck) GRID.orIn a program, type1  G

18-34 ProgrammingIsectFunctionContains the last value found by the Intersection function in the Plot-FCN menu.LabelsAll ApletsDraws labels in Plot vie

Programming 18-35S1mark–S5markStatisticsSets the mark to use for scatter plots.From Plot Setup for two-variable statistics, S1mark-S5mark, then choose

18-36 ProgrammingUmin/UmaxPolarSets the minimum and maximum independent values. Appears as the URNG field in the Plot Setup input form.From the Plot S

Programming 18-37TstepParametricSets the step size for the independent variable.From the Plot Setup input form, enter values for TSTEP.orIn a program,

1-16 Getting startedAplet libraryAplets are stored in the Aplet library.To open an aplet Press to display the Aplet library menu. Select the aplet a

18-38 Programming Xmin Xmaxwhere Ymin / YmaxAll ApletsSets the minimum and maximum vertical values of the plot screen. Appears as the YRNG fields (v

Programming 18-39Symbolic-view variablesAngleAll ApletsSets the angle mode.From Symbolic Setup, choose Degrees, Radians, or Grads for angle measure.or

18-40 ProgrammingS1fit...S5fitStatisticsSets the type of fit to be used by the FIT operation in drawing the regression line.From Symbolic Setup view,

Programming 18-41Numeric-view variablesThe following aplet variables control the Numeric view. The value of the variable applies to the current aplet

18-42 ProgrammingNote that if Fraction or Mixed Fraction is chosen, the setting will be ignored when labeling axes in Plot view. A setting of Scientif

Programming 18-43NumStepFunctionParametricPolarSequenceSets the step size (increment value) for an independent variable in Numeric view.From Num Setup

Note variablesThe following aplet variable is available in Note view. NoteTextAll ApletsUse NoteText to recall text previously entered in Note view.Sk

Extending aplets 19-119Extending apletsAplets are the application environments where you explore different classes of mathematical operations. You can

19-2 Extending aplets1. Open the Solve aplet and save it under the new name.Solve| T R I A N G L E S 2. Enter the four formulas:θOHθ AHθOAABC3. De

Extending aplets 19-3Using a customized apletTo use the “Triangles” aplet, simply select the appropriate formula, change to the Numeric view and solve

Getting started 1-17Numeric view Press to display the aplet’s Numeric view.In this view, the functions that you have defined are displayed in tabula

19-4 Extending apletsAnnotating an aplet with notesThe Note view ( NOTE) attaches a note to the current aplet. See Chapter 17, “Notes and sketches”.An

Extending aplets 19-5To transmit an aplet1. Connect the PC or aplet disk drive to the calculator by cableor align the two calculators’ infrared ports

19-6 Extending apletsNote: choose a disk drive option if you are using the hp39gs connectivity kit to transfer the aplet.Highlight your selection and

R-1RReference informationGlossaryaplet A small application, limited to one topic. The built-in aplet types are Function, Parametric, Polar, Sequence,

R-2list A set of values separated by commas (periods if the Decimal Mark mode is set to Comma) and enclosed in braces. Lists are commonly used to ente

R-3Resetting the HP 39gsIf the calculator “locks up” and seems to be stuck, you must reset it. This is much like resetting a PC. It cancels certain op

R-4If the calculator does not turn on If the HP 39gs does not turn on follow the steps below until the calculator turns on. You may find that the calc

R-5To install the main batteries a. Slide up the battery compartment cover as illustrated.b. Insert 4 new AAA (LR03) batteries into the main compartme

R-6VariablesHome variablesThe home variables are:Category Available name Complex Z1...Z9, Z0Graphic G1...G9, G0Library FunctionParametricPolarSequence

R-7Function aplet variablesThe function aplet variables are:Category Available name Plot AxesConnectCoordFastResGridIndepInvCrossLabelsRecenterSimultT

1-18 Getting startedNote view Press NOTE to display the aplet’s note view. This note is transferred with the aplet if it is sent to another calculato

R-8Parametric aplet variablesThe parametric aplet variables are:Category Available name Plot AxesConnectCoordGridIndepInvCrossLabelsRecenterSimultTmin

R-9Polar aplet variablesThe polar aplet variables are:Category Available names Plot AxesConnectCoordGridIndepInvCrossLabelsRecenterSimultUminUmaxθstep

R-10Sequence aplet variablesThe sequence aplet variables are:Category Available name Plot AxesCoordGridIndepInvCrossLabelsNminNmaxRecenterSeqPlotSimul

R-11Solve aplet variablesThe solve aplet variables are:Category Available namePlot AxesConnectCoordFastResGridIndepInvCrossLabelsRecenterTracingXcross

R-12Statistics aplet variablesThe statistics aplet variables are:Category Available namePlot AxesConnectCoordGridHminHmaxHwidthIndepInvCrossLabelsRece

R-13MATH menu categoriesMath functionsThe math functions are:Category Available name CalculusTAYLORComplex ARGCONJIMREConstant eiMAXREALMINREALπHyperb

R-14Matrix COLNORMCONDCROSSDETDOTEIGENVALEIGENVVIDENMATINVERSELQLSQLUMAKEMATQRRANKROWNORMRREFSCHURSIZESPECNORMSPECRADSVDSVLTRACETRNPolynom. POLYCOEFPO

R-15Program constantsThe program constants are:Tests<≤= =≠>≥ANDIFTENOTORXORTrig ACOTACSCASECCOTCSCSECCategory Available name (Continued)Categor

R-16Physical ConstantsThe physical constants are:Category Available Name Chemist • Avogadro (Avogadro’s Number, NA)• Boltz. (Boltmann, k)• mol. vo...

R-17Program commandsThe program commands are:Category Command Aplet CHECKSELECTSETVIEWSUNCHECKBranch IFTHENELSEENDCASEIFERRRUNSTOPDrawing ARCBOXERASEF

Getting started 1-19To change views Each view is a separate environment. To change a view, select a different view by pressing , , keys or select

R-18Status messagesStat-Two DO2VSTATSSETDEPENDSETINDEPCategory Command (Continued)Message Meaning Bad Argument TypeIncorrect input for this operation

R-19Invalid Syntax The function or command you entered does not include the proper arguments or order of arguments. The delimiters (parentheses, comma

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W-1Limited WarrantyHP 39gs Graphing Calculator; Warranty period: 12 months 1. HP warrants to you, the end-user customer, that HP hardware, accessories

W-26. HP MAKES NO OTHER EXPRESS WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL. TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITION O

W-3ServiceEurope Country : Telephone numbers Austria +43-1-3602771203Belgium +32-2-7126219Denmark +45-8-2332844Eastern Europe countries+420-5-41422523

W-4Please logon to http://www.hp.com for the latest service and support information.hL.AmericaCountry: Telephone numbers Argentina 0-810-555-5520Brazi

W-5Regulatory informationFederal Communications Commission NoticeThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digi

W-6Houston, Texas 77269-2000Or, call1-800-474-6836For questions regarding this FCC declaration, contact:Hewlett-Packard CompanyP. O. Box 692000, Mail

W-7Korean NoticeDisposal of Waste Equipment by Users in Private Household in the European UnionThis symbol on the product or on its packaging indicate

iContentsPrefaceManual conventions ... P-1Notice ...

1-20 Getting startedExample Calculate :Long results If the result is too long to fit on the display line, or if you want to see an expression in textb

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I-1IndexAabsolute value 13-5add 13-3algebraic entry 1-19alpha characterstyping 1-6alphabetical sorting 19-6angle measure 1-10in statistics 10-12settin

I-2Ccalculusoperations 13-7catalogs 1-30chronological sorting 19-6circle drawing 17-4clearingaplet 19-3characters 1-22display 1-22display history 1-25

I-3definite integral 13-6deletingaplet 19-6lists 16-6matrices 15-5programs 18-9statistical data 10-11delimiters, programming 18-1derivativesdefinition

I-4font sizechange 3-8, 17-5forecasting 10-20fraction number format 1-11full-precision display 1-10functionanalyze graph with FCN tools 3-4definition

I-5EXPM1 13-10LNP1 13-10SINH 13-9TANH 13-9hypothesisalternative 11-2inference tests 11-8null 11-2tests 11-2Ii 13-8implied multiplication 1-20importing

I-6generate a series 16-8list function syntax 16-6list variables 16-1returning position of element in 16-8reversing order in 16-9sending and receiving

I-7singular value decomposition 15-13singular values 15-13size 15-12spectral norm 15-13spectral radius 15-13start Matrix Editor 18-24storing elements

I-8recalculating 2-18setup 2-16, 2-19Ooffautomatic 1-1power 1-1on/cancel 1-1One-Proportion Z-Interval 11-17One-Sample T-Interval 11-18One-Sample T-Tes

I-9polynomialcoefficients 13-11evaluation 13-11form 13-11roots 13-12Taylor 13-7polynomial functionsPOLYCOEF 13-11POLYEVAL 13-11POLYFORM 13-11POLYROOT

Getting started 1-21However, for clarity, it is better to include the multiplication sign where you expect multiplication in an expression. It is clea

I-10regressionanalysis 10-17fit models 10-13formula 10-12user-defined fit 10-13relative errorstatistical 10-18resettingaplet 19-3calculator R-3memory

I-11aplets in chronological order 19-6elements in a list 16-9spectral norm 15-13spectral radius 15-13square root 13-5stack historyprinting 18-26stairs

I-12setting 18-28time, converting 13-14times sign 1-20tmax 18-36tmin 18-36too few arguments R-19tracingfunctions 2-8more than one curve 2-8not matchin

I-13ZZ-Interval 11-15zoom 2-17axes 2-12box 2-9center 2-9examples of 2-11factors 2-13in 2-9options 2-9, 3-8options within a table 2-17out 2-9redrawing

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1-22 Getting startedAlgebraic precedence order of evaluationFunctions within an expression are evaluated in the following order of precedence. Functio

Getting started 1-23When you highlight a previous input or result (by pressing ), the and menu labels appear. To copy a previous lineHighlight the

1-24 Getting startedHINTWhen you retrieve a number from ANS, you obtain the result to its full precision. When you retrieve a number from the HOME’s d

Getting started 1-25Accessing the display historyPressing enables the highlight bar in the display history. While the highlight bar is active, the f

1-26 Getting started2. Select Number Format, press to display the options, and highlight Fraction or Mixed Fraction. 3. Press to select the Numb

Getting started 1-27• Precision set to 1:• Precision set to 2:• Precision set to 3:• Precision set to 4Fraction calculationsWhen entering fractions:•

1-28 Getting started2. Enter the calculation.3234578Note: Ensure you are in the HOME view.3. Evaluate the calculation.Note that if you had selected Mi

Getting started 1-29In this example, the fraction precision is set to 6.Complex numbersComplex results The HP 39gs can return a complex number as a re

ii 3 Function apletAbout the Function aplet... 3-1Getting started with the Function aplet ...

1-30 Getting startedCatalogs and editorsThe HP 39gs has several catalogs and editors. You use them to create and manipulate objects. They access featu

Aplets and their views 2-12Aplets and their viewsAplet viewsThis section examines the options and functionality of the three main views for the Functi

2-2 Aplets and their views– For a Function definition, enter an expression to define F(X). The only independent variable in the expression is X. – For

Aplets and their views 2-3Evaluating expressionsIn aplets In the Symbolic view, a variable is a symbol only, and does not represent one specific valu

2-4 Aplets and their viewsIn HOME You can also evaluate any expression in HOME by entering it into the edit line and pressing . For example, define

Aplets and their views 2-5About the Plot viewAfter entering and selecting (check marking) the expression in the Symbolic view, press . To adjust the

2-6 Aplets and their viewsPlot view settingsThe plot view settings are:Those items with space for a checkmark are settings you can turn on or off. Pre

Aplets and their views 2-7Reset plot settingsTo reset the default values for all plot settings, press CLEAR in the Plot Setup view. To reset the defau

2-8 Aplets and their viewsTrace a graph You can trace along a function using the or key which moves the cursor along the graph. The display also s

Aplets and their views 2-9To jump directly to a valueTo jump straight to a value rather than using the Trace function, use the menu key. Press , th

iiiExploring the graph ...10-19Calculating predicted values...

2-10 Aplets and their viewsY-Zoom In Divides vertical scale only, using Y-factor.Y-Zoom Out Multiplies vertical scale only, using Y-factor.Square Chan

Aplets and their views 2-11ZOOM examples The following screens show the effects of zooming options on a plot of . Plot of Zoom In: In Un-zoom: Un-z

2-12 Aplets and their viewsY-Zoom In: Y-Zoom In Now un-zoom.Y-Zoom Out: Y-Zoom Out Zoom Square: Square To box zoom The Box Zoom option lets yo

Aplets and their views 2-13To set zoom factors 1. In the Plot view, press .2. Press . 3. Select Set Factors... and press .4. Enter the zoom factors.

2-14 Aplets and their viewsSplit the screen The Plot-Detail view can give you two simultaneous views of the plot. 1. Press . Select Plot-Detail and pr

Aplets and their views 2-15– moves the leftmost cursor to the screen’s left edge and moves the rightmost cursor to the screen’s right edge.– The

2-16 Aplets and their viewsAbout the numeric viewAfter entering and selecting (check marking) the expression or expressions that you want to explore i

Aplets and their views 2-17Numeric view settingsThe following table details the fields on the Numeric Setup input form.Reset numeric settingsTo reset

2-18 Aplets and their viewsZOOM options The following table lists the zoom options:The display on the right is a Zoom In of the display on the left. T

Aplets and their views 2-19Building your own table of numbersThe default NUMTYPE is “Automatic”, which fills the table with data for regular intervals

iv Two-variable statistics ... 13-17Symbolic functions ...

2-20 Aplets and their views“Build Your Own” menu keysExample: plotting a circlePlot the circle, x 2+ y 2 = 9. First rearrange it to read .To plot both

Aplets and their views 2-211. In the Function aplet, specify the functions. Select Function 9 9 2. Reset the graph setup to the default

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Function aplet 3-13Function apletAbout the Function apletThe Function aplet enables you to explore up to 10 real-valued, rectangular functions y in te

3-2 Function apletDefine the expressions2. There are 10 function definition fields on the Function aplet’s Symbolic view screen. They are labeled F1(X

Function aplet 3-3Change the scale6. You can change the scale to see more or less of your graphs. In this example, choose Auto Scale. (See “VIEWS menu

3-4 Function apletAnalyse graph with FCN functions9. Display the Plot view menu. From the Plot view menu, you can use the functions on the FCN menu t

Function aplet 3-512.Choose the linear function whose intersection with the quadratic function you wish to find. The coordinates of the intersection

3-6 Function aplet15.Move the cursor to x = –2 by pressing the or key. 16.Press to accept using F2(x) = (x + 3) 2 – 2 as the other boundary for

Function aplet 3-7HINTThe Root and Extremum functions return one value only even if the function has more than one root or extremum. The function find

vUsing programs ...18-7Customizing an aplet...

3-8 Function apletTo navigate around a table24.Move to X = –5.9. 6 times To go directly to a value25.Move directly to X = 10.1 0 To access the zoom

Function aplet 3-9Function aplet interactive analysisFrom the Plot view ( ), you can use the functions on the FCN menu to find roots, intersections, s

3-10 Function apletFCN functions The FCN functions are:Function Description Root Select Root to find the root of the current function nearest the curs

Function aplet 3-11Shading area You can shade a selected area between functions. This process also gives you an approximate measurement of the area sh

3-12 Function apletPlotting a piecewise-defined functionSuppose you wanted to plot the following piecewise-defined function.1. Open the Function aplet

Parametric aplet 4-14Parametric apletAbout the Parametric apletThe Parametric aplet allows you to explore parametric equations. These are equations in

4-2 Parametric apletSet angle measure3. Set the angle measure to degrees.MODESSelect Degrees Set up the plot 4. Display the graphing options.PLOTThe P

Parametric aplet 4-3Overlay plot 8. Plot a triangle graph over the existing circle graph. PLOT120 Select Overlay Plot A triangle is displayed rath

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Polar aplet 5-15Polar apletGetting started with the Polar apletOpen the Polar aplet1. Open the Polar aplet. Select Polar Like the Function aplet, th

vi Polar aplet variables ... R-9Sequence aplet variables...

5-2 Polar apletExplore the graph5. Display the Plot view menu key labels.The Plot view options available are the same as those found in the Function a

Sequence aplet 6-16Sequence apletAbout the Sequence apletThe Sequence aplet allows you to explore sequences.You can define a sequence named, for examp

6-2 Sequence apletOpen the Sequence aplet1. Open the Sequence aplet. Select SequenceThe Sequence aplet starts in the Symbolic view.Define the expressi

Sequence aplet 6-3Plot the sequence4. Plot the Fibonacci sequence. 5. In Plot Setup, set the SEQPLOT option to Cobweb.SETUP-PLOT Select CobwebDisplay

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Solve aplet 7-17Solve apletAbout the Solve apletThe Solve aplet solves an equation or an expression for its unknown variable. You define an equation o

7-2 Solve apletGetting started with the Solve apletSuppose you want to find the acceleration needed to increase the speed of a car from 16.67 m/sec (6

Solve aplet 7-34. Enter the values for the known variables.2 7 7 8 1 6 6 7 1 0 0 HINTIf the Decimal Mark setting in the Modes input form ( MO

7-4 Solve aplet6. Plot the equation for variable A. Select Auto Scale7. Trace along the graph representing the left side of the equation until the cur

Solve aplet 7-5Use an initial guessYou can usually obtain a faster and more accurate solution if you supply an estimated value for the unknown variabl

P-1PrefaceThe HP 39gs is a feature-rich graphing calculator. It is also a powerful mathematics learning tool. The HP 39gs is designed so that you can

7-6 Solve apletInterpreting resultsAfter Solve has returned a solution, press in the Numeric view for more information. You will see one of the foll

Solve aplet 7-7If Solve could not find a solution, you will see one of the following two messages.HINTIt is important to check the information relatin

7-8 Solve apletwhere X is distance, V0 is initial velocity, T is time, and A is acceleration. This is actually two equations, Y = X and Y = V0 T + (AT

Solve aplet 7-95. Move the cursor near the positive (right-side) intersection. This cursor value will be an initial guess for T.Press until the curso

7-10 Solve apletUsing variables in equationsYou can use any of the real variable names, A to Z and θ. Do not use variable names defined for other type

Linear Solver aplet 8-18Linear Solver apletAbout the Linear Solver apletThe Linear Solver aplet allows you to solve a set of Linear Equations. The set

8-2 Linear Solver apletChoose the equation set2. If the last time you used the Linear Solver aplet you solved for two equations, the two-equation inpu

Linear Solver aplet 8-3soon as the first co-efficient of the last equation was entered.As you enter each of the remaining known values, the solution c

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Triangle Solve aplet 9-19Triangle Solve apletAbout the Triangle Solver apletThe Triangle Solver aplet allows you to determine the length of a side of