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Time Value of Money Calculations
61
6 Time Value of Money Calculations
Using the TVM Application
The time value of money (TVM) application is used for compound interest calculations that
involve regular, uniform cash flows – called payments. Once the values are entered you can
vary one value at a time, without entering all the values again.
To use TVM, several prerequisites must be met:
• The amount of each payment must be the same. If the payment amounts vary, use the procedures
described in chapter 8 titled, Cash Flow Calculations.
• Payments must occur at regular intervals.
• The payment period must coincide with the interest compounding period. If it does not, convert the
interest rate using the
\Ó, \Ð, and \Í keys described below in the
section titled, Interest Rate Conversions.
• There must be at least one positive and one negative cash flow.
The TVM Keys
When entering data for TVM calculations, results are calculated based on data entered into
specific memory registers. When pressed, the keys used for these operations:
• store data.
• enter known data for variables used during calculations.
• calculate unknown variables based on stored data.
Table 6-1 Keys for performing TVM calculations
Keys Stores or Calculates
Ù
Number of payments or compounding periods.
Ò
Annual nominal interest rate.
Ï
Present value of future cash flows. PV is usually an initial investment or
loan amount and always occurs at the beginning of the first period.
Ì
Amount of periodic payments. All payments are equal, and none are
skipped; payments can occur at the beginning or end of each period.
É
Future value. FV is either a final cash flow or compounded value of a
series of previous cash flows. FV occurs at the end of the last period.
\Í
Stores the number of periods per year. The default is 12. Reset only
when you wish to change it.
\Ú
Optional shortcut for storing N: number in display is multiplied by the
value in P/YR and the result is stored in N.
- User’s Guide 1
- Legal Notice 2
- Keyboard Map Legend 4
- Table of Contents 5
- 1 At a Glance 9
- Shift Keys 10
- Boxed Key Functions 10
- Percentages 11
- Memory Keys 12
- At a Glance 13
- Time Value of Money (TVM) 14
- TVM What if 15
- Amortization 16
- Depreciation 17
- Interest Rate Conversion 18
- ¤ enters a cash flow 19
- ¤ to enter cash 19
- 1 or A to 19
- 1 to scroll through the 20
- Date and Calendar 21
- At a Glance...14 22
- Break-even 24
- 1 to scroll 26
- M to exit 26
- Probability 27
- Trigonometric Functions 28
- Keys Display Description 29
- At a Glance...22 30
- 2 Getting Started 31
- Basics of Key Functions 32
- Operating Modes 34
- Arithmetic Operators 34
- Calculations in Chain Mode 35
- J1GPD4 returns a 36
- D:a\qgVA 36
- Clearing the Calculator 37
- Annunciators 38
- Getting Started 39
- Input Key 40
- Swap Key 40
- Statistics Keys 40
- Math Functions 41
- Getting Started34 42
- Selecting Angle Format 43
- Hyperbolic Functions 44
- Two-Number Functions 45
- In-line Functions 45
- Getting Started38 46
- Getting Started40 48
- Last Answer 49
- Display Format of Numbers 49
- Getting Started42 50
- Scientific Notation 51
- Rounding Numbers 51
- Messages 52
- § key has two functions: 53
- Percent Change 54
- Margin Calculations 55
- Markup on Cost Calculations 55
- Business Percentages48 56
- Using Constants 57
- Using the M Register 59
- Using Numbered Registers 60
- É (future 63
- Signs of Cash Flows 64
- Periods and Cash Flows 64
- Simple and Compound Interest 64
- Interest Rates 65
- Recognizing a TVM Problem 66
- Picturing Financial Problems 67
- \½ (Net Present Value) or \Á 68
- Using the TVM Application 69
- The TVM Keys 69
- Begin and End Modes 70
- Loan Calculations 70
- Savings Calculations 75
- Lease Calculations 79
- JV:::yÉ 82
- To Amortize 83
- Amortize the 1 86
- , and 54 86
- payments 86
- Resetting the TVM Keys 90
- 7Depreciation 91
- 8 Cash Flow Calculations 95
- Clearing the Cash Flow Memory 96
- Figure 1 97
- Figure 2 97
- Figure 3 97
- 3. Press \Á 98
- JJjSV7Gd¤ 99
- 12 periods per year 100
- Cash Flow Calculations 101
- Cash Flow Calculations94 102
- Cash Flow Calculations96 104
- Cash Flow Calculations98 106
- Date Format 107
- Calendar Format 107
- Using the INPUT key 108
- Date Calculation 109
- Number of Days 110
- Example 2 111
- J:7JjG:JGÆ 112
- S7:YG:JV\Ä 112
- 10 Bonds 113
- Example 1 114
- Resetting the bond keys 116
- 11 B r e a k - e v e n 117
- ]OY. A brief message 120
- 12 Statistical Calculations 121
- Clearing Statistical Data 122
- Entering Statistical Data 122
- One-Variable Statistics 123
- Statistical Calculations 125
- YDÆJ:GD¡ 126
- DjÆSgV¡ 126
- \«Displays: 127
- Statistical Calculations120 128
- Statistical Calculations122 130
- Weighted Mean 132
- \Z, \W, or 134
- Combinations 135
- Random Number and Seed 135
- Statistical Calculations128 136
- Normal Lower Tail Probability 137
- 7:GV]oF 138
- Example: 139
- GS]oI7:V4 140
- GSÆ7:V]oI 140
- Conversions from Lower Tail 141
- Statistical Calculations136 144
- Y:::::a 145
- G:aJ::4 145
- Additional Examples138 146
- Loans and Mortgages 147
- Additional Examples140 148
- Additional Examples 149
- Additional Examples142 150
- Additional Examples144 152
- Automobile Loan 153
- Canadian Mortgages 154
- What if … TVM Calculations 155
- Saving for College Costs 156
- Additional Examples150 158
- Cash Flow Examples 160
- Net Future Value 162
- Power and Batteries 163
- Low Power Annunciator 163
- Installing Batteries 163
- The calculator won’t turn on: 164
- Resetting the calculator: 164
- \8 (Ch. 2 Getting Started) 165
- Environmental Limits 166
- IRR/YR Calculations 167
- Equations 167
- Interest Rate Conversions 168
- Forecasting 172
- Appendix C: Messages 173
- Table C-1 Messages 174
- Message Displayed Description 174
- Replacing the Batteries 175
- General Terms 176
- Exclusions 176
- Regulatory Information 177
- Modifications 177
- States Only 178
- Canadian Notice 178
- Avis Canadien 178
- Japanese Notice 179
- European Union 179
- Customer Care 180
- Contact Information 180
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